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(25.03.2025) Early detection and modern treatment methods improve the quality of life of affected children. However, the number of new cases is steadily increasing, warns an expert.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes in children is increasing by around three percent every year - an alarming trend. Prof. Dr. Clemens Kamrath, Head of the Section of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine at the Freiburg University Medical Center, warns: "More and more children and adolescents are affected. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent serious complications."

Early testing for diabetes can prevent severe progression

Type 1 diabetes often begins insidiously. The first signs such as severe thirst, frequent urination, constant tiredness and unexplained weight loss should be taken seriously. A delayed diagnosis can have fatal consequences, warns Kamrath: "The earlier the disease is detected, the better complications can be avoided." An early test for diabetes, especially if there is a family history, could prevent severe progression of the disease. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is particularly dangerous. This metabolic imbalance often leads to the initial diagnosis and is a medical emergency. "As there is a risk of a diabetic coma, which can be fatal, affected children need immediate medical treatment," says Kamrath. DKA manifests itself through nausea or vomiting. Accelerated breathing and a sour acetone smell from the breath are further signs.

Modern technologies make everyday life easier

Thanks to technological advances, a largely normal life with diabetes is now possible. Insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) help to keep blood sugar levels stable. The latest development - automatic insulin dosing (AID) - adjusts insulin administration in real time to the blood glucose level and thus ensures better control. "These systems not only improve the therapy, but also the children's quality of life considerably," emphasizes Kamrath.

Education and therapy make the difference

Diabetes in children remains a challenge - but early diagnosis and modern treatment options make a good life possible. Broad education is important so that parents and doctors recognize the warning signs in good time. "With the right treatment and a healthy lifestyle, children with diabetes today can grow up just as active and happy as other children," says Kamrath.

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